- Serbian Voivodship and Tamiš Banat
Infobox Former Subdivision
native_name = Die serbische Wojwodschaft und das temeser Banat
Српска Војводовина и Тамишки Банат
conventional_long_name = Serbian Voivodship and Tamiš Banat
common_name = Vojvodina
continent = Europe
region = Balkans
subdivision = Autonomous Region
nation =Austrian Empire
year_start = 1849
year_end = 1860
event_start = Formation of Serbian Voivodship and Tamiš Banat
event_end = Abolished
p1 = Serbian Vojvodina
flag_p1 = SrpskaVojvodina400px.jpg
s1 = Austria-Hungary
flag_s1 = Flag of Austria-Hungary 1869-1918.svg
common_languages = German, Serbian
capital = Timişoara
currency =The Serbian Voivodship and Tamiš Banat was avoivodship (duchy ) of theAustrian Empire that existed between 1849 and 1860. It was a separatecrown land and was formed in accordance with privilege given toSerbs by the Habsburgemperor in 1691, recognizing the right of Serbs to territorial autonomy within theHabsburg Monarchy . Its former area is now divided betweenSerbia ,Romania ,Hungary andCroatia . The Voivodship gave its name to the present Serbian Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.Names
In German, the Voivodship was known as " _de. Die serbische Wojwodschaft und das temeser Banat" or " _de. Woiwodschaft Serbien und Temescher Banat", in Serbian as _sr. Српска Војводовина и Тамишки Банат / " _sr. Srpska Vojvodovina i Tamiški Banat" or _sr. Војводство Србија и Тамишки Банат / " _sr. Vojvodstvo Srbija i Tamiški Banat", in Hungarian as " _hu. Szerb Vajdaság és Temesi Bánság", and in Romanian as " _ro. Voivodina Sârbeascǎ şi Banatul Timişoarei".
In various sources (both, Serbian and German) there are two somewhat different variants of the name of the voivodship, one could be translated into English as "Serbian Voivodship and Tamiš Banat" and another as "Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat".
History
The Voivodship was formed by a decision of the Austrian emperor in November 1849, after the
Revolutions of 1848 . It consisted of the regions ofBanat ,Bačka and northernSyrmia n municipalities ofIlok andRuma . An Austrian governor seated in Temeschwar ruled the area, and the title of Voivod belonged to the emperor himself. The full title of the emperor was "Grand Voivod of the Voivodship of Serbia" (German: "Großwoiwode der Woiwodschaft Serbien"). Even after the Voivodship was abolished, the emperor kept this title until the end of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918.In 1860 Serbian Voivodship and Tamiš Banat was abolished and most of its territory (Banat and Bačka) was returned under the direct administration of the
Kingdom of Hungary , although this only came fully into effect in 1867, after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, when Kingdom of Hungary gained autonomy(personal union) within newly formedAustria-Hungary . Unlike Banat and Bačka, in 1860 Syrmia was incorporated into theKingdom of Slavonia . Slavonia subsequently joined with theKingdom of Croatia forming new kingdom namedCroatia-Slavonia , which made a pact with theKingdom of Hungary in 1868, hence becoming self-governed part of the Hungarian Kingdom withinAustria-Hungary ).Languages
The two official languages of the Voivodship were German and Illyrian (what would become Serbo-Croatian).
Ethnic groups
The Voivodship was ethnically very mixed, since the southern parts of Syrmia, Banat and Bačka with compact Serbian settlements were not included in it, while eastern Banat, with a Romanian majority was added to it.
1846
According to the 1846 census, the territory that in 1849 formed the voivodship included: [Lazo M. Kostić, Srpska Vojvodina i njene manjine, Novi Sad, 1999.]
*Vlachs (Romanians ) = 417,000
*Serbs = 402,000
*Germans = 352,000
*Hungarians = 233,000
*Slovaks = 27,000
*Bulgarians = 24,000
*Jews = 16,000
* Roma = 12,000
* Rusyns = 7,000
*Croats = 3,000
*Greeks = 3,0001850/51
According to the 1850/51 census, ethnic composition of the voivodship was as follows: [Sima M. Ćirković, Srbi među evropskim narodima, Beograd, 2004.]
*Romanians = 347,459
*Germans = 335,080
*Serbs = 321,110 (*)
*Hungarians = 221,845
*Bunjevci andŠokci = 62,936 (*)
*Rusins = 39,914
*Slovaks = 25,607
*Bulgarians = 22,780
*Jews = 15,507
*Gypsies = 11,440
*Czechs = 7,530
*Croats = 2,860 (*)
*Greeks andCincars = 2,820(*) Total number of "Illyrian Slavs" (
Serbs ,Bunjevci ,Šokci , andCroats ) was 386,906.According to another source, in 1850/1851, the population of the voivodship numbered 1,426,221 inhabitants, including: [Dejan Mikavica, Srpska Vojvodina u Habsburškoj Monarhiji 1690-1920, Novi Sad, 2005.]
* 397,459 (27.87%)Romanians
* 335,080 (23.49%)Germans
* 321,110 (22.52%)Serbs
* 221,845 (15.56%)Hungarians
* others.Religion
1851
In 1851, population of the voivodship numbered 1,426,221 inhabitants, including: [Lazo M. Kostić, Srpska Vojvodina i njene manjine, Novi Sad, 1999.]
*Orthodox Christians = 694,029 (48.66%)
*Roman Catholics = 624,839 (43.81%)
* Evangelic-Lutherans = 51,724 (3.63%)
* Evangelic-Reformists = 26,621 (1.87%)
*Jews = 16,252 (1.14%)
*Greek Catholics andArmenian Catholics = 12,756 (0.89%)1857
In 1857, population of the voivodship numbered 1,526,105 inhabitants, including: [Lazo M. Kostić, Srpska Vojvodina i njene manjine, Novi Sad, 1999.]
*Roman Catholics = 698,189 (45.75%)
*Orthodox Christians = 691,828 (45.33%)
* Evangelic-Lutherans = 56,871 (3.73%)
* Evangelic-Reformists = 29,281 (1.92%)
*Greek Catholics andArmenian Catholics = 26,244 (1.72%)
*Jews = 23,203 (1.52%)
* others = 489 (0.03%)Administrative divisions
At first, Voivodship was divided into two districts:
#Bačka -Torontal
#Timişoara -CaraşLater, it was divided into five districts: [Drago Njegovan, Prisajedinjenje Vojvodine Srbiji, Novi Sad, 2004.]
#Lugoj (In 1850, population of the district numbered 229,363 inhabitants, including: 197,363 Romanians, 21,179 Germans, 8,305 Bulgarians, 1,505 Hungarians, 612 Serbs, etc)
#Timişoara (In 1850, population of the district numbered 316,565 inhabitants, including: 159,292 Romanians, 101,339 Germans, 34,263 Serbs, 12,412 Hungarians, 3,664 Bulgarians, 2,307 Šokci, 1,650 Slovaks, etc)
#Torontal (In 1850, population of the district numbered 388,704 inhabitants, including: 126,730 Germans, 124,111 Serbs, 60,781 Hungarians, 58,292 Romanians, 11,045 Bulgarians, 3,752 Croats, 2,562 Slovaks, 1,421 Jews, etc)
#Novi Sad (In 1850, population of the district numbered 236,943 inhabitants, including: 100,382 Serbs, 45,936 Germans, 30,450 Hungarians, 20,683 Slovaks, 13,665 Šokci, 2,098 Jews, etc)
#Sombor Rulers
Great Voivod: [http://www.thomasgraz.net/glass/fj1titel.htm]
*Franz Joseph I, (1849-1916).
*Karl I, (1916-1918).:"Note: the voivodship was abolished in 1860, but emperor Franz Joseph kept the title of voivod until his death in 1916, and the title was also inherited by last Habsburg emperor Karl I."
Governors:
*Ferdinand Mayerhofer , governor (1849-1851).
*Johann Coronini-Cronberg , governor (1851-1859).
*Josip Šokčević , governor (1859-1860).
*Karl Bigot de Saint-Quentin , governor (1860).References
#Dr Dušan J. Popović, Srbi u Vojvodini, knjiga 3, Novi Sad, 1990.
#Sima M. Ćirković, Srbi među evropskim narodima, Beograd, 2004.
#Lazo M. Kostić, Srpska Vojvodina i njene manjine, Novi Sad, 1999.
#Drago Njegovan, Prisajedinjenje Vojvodine Srbiji, Novi Sad, 2004.
#Dejan Mikavica, Srpska Vojvodina u Habsburškoj Monarhiji 1690-1920, Novi Sad, 2005.
#Vasilije Krestić, Iz prošlosti Srema, Bačke i Banata, Beograd, 2003.
#Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001.Notes
ee also
*
Vojvodina
*Serbian Vojvodina
*History of Vojvodina
*History of Serbia External links
* [http://www.sluzba.vojvodina.sr.gov.yu/SEKRETARIJATI-V/MANJINE/manjine-koliko-se-poznajemo/web-tekst/Brosura-ceo-tekst.htm#Bahovo_doba_-_Vojvodstvo_Srbija_i_Tamiški_Banat Bahovo doba - Vojvodstvo Srbija i Tamiški Banat] (in Serbian)
* [http://www.thomasgraz.net/glass/fj1titel.htm Titles of Habsburg emperors]
* [http://www.terra.es/personal7/jqvaraderey/185915BK.gifMap]
* [http://terkepek.adatbank.transindex.ro/kepek/netre/57.gifMap]
* [http://terkepek.adatbank.transindex.ro/kepek/netre/256.gifMap]
* [http://feefhs.org/maps/ah/banat.jpgMap]
* [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/balkans_1859.jpgMap]
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