Imo Incident

Imo Incident
Imo Incident
Hangul 임오군란
Hanja 壬午軍亂
Revised Romanization Imo gullan
McCune–Reischauer Imo kullan

The Imo Incident, also known as Imo mutiny, was a military revolt of some units of the Korean military in Incheon on July 23, 1882.[1]

Contents

Background

A variety of causes for this brief disturbance have been put forward. In part, some explain the flare-up of violence by pointing to provocative policies and conduct by Japanese military advisors who had been in Korea since 1881.[2]

According to other sources, the revolt broke out in part because of Gojong of Korea's support for reform and modernization. The revolt was also explained in part as a reaction to Gojong's support for Japanese military advisors.[3] Some sources credit rumor as the spark which ignited violence. Some were worried by the prospect of incorporating Japanese officers in a new army structure.[4]

The disturbance is sometime characterized as the "Imo Mutiny" (Imo kullan), and its cause is attributed to a dispute about unpaid wages.[5] It has also been called the "Soldier's riot"; and the unplanned flare-up of violence is said to have been a reaction to finding sand and bad rice in soldiers' rations.[6]

Japanese accounts of the disturbance identify it as the "Jingo Incident" (壬午事変 Jingo-jihen?).[7] Whatever its causes, violence did erupt;[4] and the incident produced unplanned consequences.

Disturbance

"The Korean Uprising of 1882" — woodblock print by Toyohara Chikanobu, 1882

Dissatisfaction with the Korean government was the initial focus of the violence. Some government officials were killed by the rioters. Homes of high government ministers were destroyed and Changdeok Palace was occupied by soldiers. The rioting general population of Seoul swelled the ranks of the dissatisfied army units.[8]

In the midst of the chaos, the regent father of the king, Daewongun, took power and tried to re-establish order. He supported soldiers' complaints.[4]

Anti-Japanese demonstrations

Anti-Japanese sentiments among the rioters developed and grew. The Japanese legation was over-run.[9]

Hanabusa Yoshitada, the Japanese minister to Korea and his aides were forced to flee the legation.[10] They escaped to the sea; and were rescued by a British ship, the Flying Fish, when they were drifting in a small boat at sea. During the day of rioting, a number of Japanese had been killed, including Horimoto Reijo.[9]

Consequences

The Chinese dispatched troops;[3] and three warships were sent to Seoul.

In the aftermath of rioting, Daewongun was accused of fomenting the disturbance and its violence.[10] Daewongun was arrested by Chinese troops.[4]

The Japanese government sent Ambassador Hanabusa back to Seoul. His security was ensured by four naval warships, three cargo ships and a battalion of armed soldiers.[10]

Notes

  1. ^ In the name "Imo incident," the noun "Imo" refers to the 5th moon cycle of the Korean calendar in 1882. In other words, the "Imo incident" occurred during Imo, which was a time period encompassing the Gregorian date of July 23, 1882.
  2. ^ Tsuru, Shigeto. (2000). The Political Economy of the Environment: the Case of Japan, p. 45. at Google Books
  3. ^ a b Pratt, Keith L. et al. (1999). "Imo Incident" in Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary, pp. 184-185. at Google Books
  4. ^ a b c d Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). "Jingo-jihen" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 422. at Google Books
  5. ^ Rhee, Syngman et al. (2001). iB8R0oEH3kEC at Google Books
  6. ^ Kang, Jae-eun et al. (2006). The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism, p. 462. at Google Books; 임오군란 壬午軍亂, Doosan Encyclopedia
  7. ^ In the name "Jingo Incident," the noun "Jingo" refers to the year of 1882.
  8. ^ Kang, p. 462-463. at Google Books
  9. ^ a b Kang, p. 463. at Google Books
  10. ^ a b c Iwao, Seiichi. (2002). "Saimoppo jōyaku" in Dictionnaire historique du Japon, Vol. II, p. 2314. at Google Books

References

External links


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