- Second Serbian Uprising
The Second Serbian Uprising (1815-1817) was a second phase of the national revolution of the
Serbs against theOttoman Empire , which erupted shortly after the annexation of the country to theOttoman Empire . The occupation was enforced following the defeat of theFirst Serbian Uprising , during which Serbia existed as a "de facto" independent state for over a decade. The second revolution ultimately resulted in Serbian semi-independence from theOttoman Empire .Principality of Serbia was established, governed by its own Parliament, Constitution and its own royal dynasty. "De jure" independence followed during the second half of the 19th century.Background
The
First Serbian Uprising managed to liberate the country for a significant time (1804-1813) fromOttoman Empire ; for the first time in three centuries, Serbs governed themselves without the supremacy of theOttoman Empire or Habsburg Austria.After the failure of the First Serbian uprising, most commanders escaped to the Habsburg Monarchy; only a few remained in Serbia.
Karađorđe Petrović leader of the First Serbian Uprising, escaped with his family. Despite the efforts of Karađorđe to obtain allies amongAustria n Serbs,Bosnian Serbs ,Russians , or Napoleon Bonaparte, the rebel Serbian state was crushed by the Ottomans in 1813.Miloš Obrenović surrendered to theOttoman Turks and received the title of "obor-knez" ("senior leader").Stanoje Glavaš also surrendered to the Turks and was made a supervisor of a road, but the Turks killed him after they became suspicious of him. Hadži Prodan Gligorijević knew the Turks would arrest him and so declared a uprising in 1814, but Obrenović felt the time was not right for an uprising and did not provide assistance.Hadži Prodan's Uprising soon failed and he fled to Austria. After the failure of this revolt, the Turks inflicted more persecution against the Serbs, such as high taxation, forced labor, and rape. In March 1815, Serbs had several meetings and decided upon a new revolt.
Uprising
The national council proclaimed a revolt in
Takovo onApril 23 , 1815. Obrenović was chosen as the leader and famously spoke, "Here I am, here you are. War to the Turks!" When the Ottomans discovered the new revolt they sentenced all of its leaders to death. The Serbs fought in battles atLjubić ,Čačak ,Palež ,Požarevac and Dublje and conquered thePashaluk of Belgrade .In mid 1815, the first negotiations began between Obrenović and Marashli Ali Pasha, the Ottoman governor. Obrenović managed to get a form of partial autonomy for Serbs, and, in
1816 , the TurkishPorte signed several documents for the normalization of relations between Serbs and Turks. The result was acknowledgment of aSerbian Principality by the Ottoman Empire. Although the principality paid a yearly tax to the Porte and had a garrison of Turkish troops in Belgrade until1867 , it was, in most other matters, an independent state.In 1817, Obrenović succeeded in forcing Marashli Ali Pasha to negotiate an unwritten agreement, and, with this, the Second Serbian uprising was finished. The same year, Karađorđe, the leader of the First Uprising, returned to Serbia and was assassinated by Obrenović's orders. Obrenović received the title of Prince of Serbia. Under the grandson of his brother, Milan,
Serbia gained complete independence in1878 in the Treaty of Berlin.Timeline
* 1815, April - Senior Leader
Miloš Obrenović declares war againstOttoman Empire .
* 1815, December - Most of the contemporaryCentral Serbia has been liberated andOttoman army expelled from the country.
* 1816 - Ottoman Empire offers certain level of autonomy to revolutionary Serbia. Serbian leaders reject the treaty.
* 1817 - The Uprising comes to an end as Miloš Obrenović signs a treaty with Ottoman commander Marashli Ali Pasha.Principality of Serbia has been declared, with Miloš Obrenović as its Prince.
* 1830 - Serbia's semi-independence is reafirmed by aFerman fromthe Porte .
* 1835 - First Constitution in theBalkans is written in the Principality of Serbia. It introducesSerbian Parliament on the regular basis. Obrenović dynasty is a legal heir to the throne of Serbia. It also describes Serbia as an independent parliamentary Principality, which outrages Ottoman Empire andHabsburg monarchy .
* 1848 - Spring of nations erupts in, among others, Serbian-populated areas ofHabsburg Empire . AsVojvodina of Serbia and Tamiš Banat proclaim unification with the Principality of Serbia, the rebellion comes to an end byVienna 's diplomatic efforts.
* 1867 - Serbia becomes "de facto" independent as Ottoman forces leave the country, pressured byGreat Britain andFrance .
* 1878 - "De jure" independence is formally declared inBelgrade by the decision of the great forces at the Treaty of Berlin.See also
*
History of the Serbian-Turkish wars
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