Russian Empire Census

Russian Empire Census

The Russian Empire Census of 1897 was the first and the only census carried out in the Russian Empire. It recorded demographic data as of OldStyleDate|28 January|1897|15 January.

Previously, the Central Statistical Bureau issued statistical tables based on fiscal lists (ревизские списки).

The second Russian Census was scheduled for 1915, but was cancelled because of the World War I (and never happened in the Russian Empire because of the Russian Revolution of 1917).

Organization

The census project was suggested by famous Russian geographer and chief of the Central Statistical Bureau Pyotr Semenov-Tyan-Shansky in 1877, and was approved by Tsar Nicholas II in 1895.

The census was performed in two stages. In the first stage (December 1896 — January 1897) the counters (135,000 persons: literate soldiers, teachers and priests) visited all households and filled in the questionnaires, which were verified by local census managers. In the second stage (OldStyleDateDY|9 January|1898|28 December 1897) the counters simultaneously visited all households to verify and update the questionnaires.

The data processing took 8 years using Hollerith card machines. Publication of the results started in 1898 and ended in 1905. In total, 119 volumes for 89 "guberniyas", as well as a two-volume summary, were issued.

The questionnaire contained the following questions:
*Family name, given name, patronymic or nickname (прозвище)
*Gender
*Relation with respect to the head of the family or household
*Age
*Marital status
*Social status: "sosloviye" (estate of the realm), rank or title (сословие, состояние, звание)
*Place of birth
*Place of registration
*Usual place of residence
*Notice of absence
*Faith
*Mother language
*Literacy
*Occupation (profession, trade, position of office or service), both primary and secondary

In the census summary tables, nationality was based on the declared mother language of respondents.

Census results

The results of the census are too broad to publish, but its online Russian version can be found here: [http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97.php demoscope.ru] .

The total population of the Russian Empire was recorded to be 125,640,021 people (50.2 % female, 49.8 % male).

By native tongue

The most spoken languages, from which nationality was determined were:
*Slavic tongues:
**Russian language: 83,933,567
***Great Russian (i.e., Russian): 55,667,469
***Little Russian (i.e.,Ukrainian):22,380,551
***White Russian (i.e., Belarusian): 5,885,547
**Polish: 7,931,307
**Czech (inc. Slovak): 50,385
**Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian: 1,815
**Bulgarian: 172,659
*Lithuanio-Latvian tongues:
**Lithuanian: 1,210,510
**Zhmud (Samogitian): 448,022
**Latvian: 1,435,937
*Roman tongues
**Moldavian and Romanian: 1,121,669
**French: 16,433
**Italian: 4,760
**Spanish and Portuguese: 138
*Germanic tongues
**German: 1,790,489

Largest cities

Largest cities of the Empire according to the census (thousands of inhabitants):

* Saint-Petersburg — 1264,9
* Moscow — 1038,6
* Warsaw — 626
* Odessa — 403,8
* Łódź — 314
* Riga — 282,2
* Kiev — 247,7
* Kharkov — 174
* Tiflis (Tbilisi) — 159,6
* Wilno (Vilnius) — 154,5
* Saratov — 137,1
* Kazan — 130
* Rostov-on-Don — 119,5
* Tula — 114,7
* Astrakhan — 112,9
* Yekaterinoslav (Dnepropetrovsk) — 112,8
* Baku — 111,9
* Kishinev (Chişinău) — 108,5
* Helsingfors (Helsinki) — 93
* Nikolayev — 92
* Minsk — 90,9
* Nizhny Novgorod — 90,1
* Samara — 90
* Orenburg — 72,4
* Yaroslavl — 71,6
* Vitebsk — 65,9
* Yekaterinodar (Krasnodar) — 65,6
* Tsaritsyn (Volgograd) — 55,2
* Ivanovo-Voznesensk (Ivanovo) — 54,2
* Tomsk — 52,2
* Omsk — 37,3

References

* "Первая всеобщая перепись населенiя Россiйской Имперiи". Под редакцiею Н. А. Тройницкаго. — СПб.: Изданiе центральнаго статистическаго комитета министерства внутреннихъ делъ, 1905. (The First Total Census of Russian Empire. A publication of the central statictical bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Editor N. A. Troynitsky.)
* "РОССИЯ. Полное Географическое Описание Нашего Отечества". Под ред. П. П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского. — СПб., 1913. (Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy, P. P. (Ed.): "RUSSIA. Complete Geographical Description of our Fatherland". — St. Petersburg, 1913. This latter work reproduces most of the results of the census, and is a good deal easier to find in western libraries than the original publication.)
* [http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97.php Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и регионам] (First General Russian Empire Census of 1897. Population breakdown by mother tongue and regions) (Demoscope.ru) ru icon


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Russian Empire — Infobox Former Country native name = Российская Империя (ru Cyrl) Rossiyskaya Imperiya (translit) conventional long name = Russian Empire common name = Russia| continent = Eurasia status = Empire government type = Monarchy| year start = 1721 year …   Wikipedia

  • Social estates in the Russian Empire — were denoted by the term soslovie (sosloviye), which approximately corresponds to the notion of the estate of the realm. The system of sosloviyes was a peculiar system of social groups in the history of the Russian Empire. In Russian language the …   Wikipedia

  • Census — taker visits a family living in a caravan, Netherlands 1925 A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular… …   Wikipedia

  • Russian Census (2002) — Russian Census of 2002 ( ru. Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года) was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics… …   Wikipedia

  • Russian Census — may refer to: *Russian Empire Census (1897), the only complete population census conducted in Imperial Russia *Russian Census (1920) *Russian Census (2002), the only population census conducted in the post Soviet Russia *Russian Census (2010),… …   Wikipedia

  • History of Chechens in the Russian Empire — Chechnya was first incorporated as a whole into the Russian Empire in 1859, after decades long Caucasian War. Tsarist rule was marked by a transition into modern times including the formation (or re formation) of a Chechen bourgeoisie, the… …   Wikipedia

  • Russian language — Russian русский язык (russkiy yazyk) Pronunciation [ˈrusʲkʲɪj jɪˈzɨk] Spoken in Russia, countries of the fo …   Wikipedia

  • Russian Civil War — Clockwise from top: Soldiers of the Don Army in 1919; a White infantry division in March 1920; soldiers of the 1st Cavalry Army; Leon Trotsky in 1918; hanging of workers in Yekaterinoslav by the Czecho …   Wikipedia

  • Russian language in Ukraine — Russian is the major minority language in Ukraine. It is the most common first language in Donbass and Crimea regions, the most commonly used language in east and south of the country as well as in its capital, Kiev, and the most widespread… …   Wikipedia

  • Census in Poland — Censuses in Poland: * Polish census of 1921 * Polish census of 1931 * Polish census of 1950 * Polish census of 1960 * Polish census of 1970 * Polish census of 1978 * Polish census of 1988 * Polish census of 2002In addition to proper census, there …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”