- Pierre Poujade
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Robert Poujade is an unrelated French politician."Pierre Poujade (
December 1 ,1920 –August 27 ,2003 ), born inSaint-Céré , was a French populist politician after whom the Poujadist movement was named.After studies in a
Roman Catholic private school, Poujade joined as a teenager theParti Populaire Français ofJacques Doriot . From 1940 to 1942, he supported theRévolution nationale ofPhilippe Pétain . After the invasion of the free zone by German forces, he joined theFree French Forces inAlgiers , where he met his future wife. [ [http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2003/aug/28/guardianobituaries1 Pierre Poujade obituary] The Guardian August 28, 2003] After the war, Pierre Poujade was the owner of a book and stationery store. On July 23, 1953 with a group of about 20 persons, he prevented inspectors of the tax board from verifying the income of another shopkeeper. This was the start of atax protest movement by shopkeepers, first in the Lot, then inAveyron , and finally the whole south ofMassif Central . On November 29, 1953 Pierre Poujade created the "Union de Defense Commercants et Artisans " (UDCA), to organize the tax protesters. This movement would soon be called "Poujadism". Poujadism flourished most vigorously in the last years of theFrench Fourth Republic , and articulated the economic interests and grievances of shopkeepers and other proprietor-managers of small businesses facing economic and social change. The main themes of Poujadism were articulated around the defense of thecommon man against the elites. [ [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,824029-1,00.html An Ordinary Frenchman] TIME Magazine, Mar. 19, 1956]Besides the protest against income tax, and the price control imposed by
Antoine Pinay to limitinflation , Poujadism was opposed toindustrialization ,urbanization , and American-stylemodernization , which were perceived as a threat to the identity of rural France. [ [http://www.prs12.com/article.php3?id_article=3648 23 juillet 1953 : Pierre Poujade lance le poujadisme sur le Lot, l’Aveyron puis la France rurale entière. Remarques sur le mouvement des commerçants et artisans] ] Poujadism denounced the French state as "rapetout et inhumain" ("thieving and inhuman"). The defense of the common man lead to antiparliamentatism (Poujade called the Chamber of Deputies "the biggest brothel in Paris" and the deputies a "pile of rubbish" and "pederasts") a stronganti-intellectualism (Poujade denounced the graduates fromÉcole Polytechnique as the main culprits for the woes of 1950s France and boasted that he had no book learning),xenophobia , andantisemitism especially aimed againstPierre Mendès-France ("Mendès is French only as the word added to his name), who was perceived as responsible for the loss ofIndochina . [ [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xbzln_poujade Video of a speech of Poujade against Mendès-France] ] Poujadism also supported the cause ofFrench Algeria .In 1955, the UDCA was a strong political movement, with 400,000 members. Its adherents were encouragedto protest taxes and withdraw their deposits from state-owned banks. The movement called for new
Estates General to re-found the French political regime and published the "Fraternité Française" newspaper.The UDCA, secured 53 seats in the National Assembly in 1956. [ [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B02EFD61E39F93AA1575BC0A9659C8B63 Pierre Poujade obituary] The New York Times, August 29, 2003] The youngest member of parliament, elected on a UDCA list, was
Jean-Marie Le Pen , then leader of the youth branch of UDCA. To justify his support to theAlgerian War , Poujade declared in 1956 to TIME Magazine "Big Wall Street syndicates found incredibly rich oil deposits in the Sahara, but instead of exploiting the discovery, they capped the wells and turned the Algerians against us." and added "As for those who are against us, I need only say: let them go back to Jerusalem. We'll even be glad to pay their way". After theFrench Fifth Republic began in 1958 underCharles de Gaulle 's presidency, Poujade and his party largely faded from view. [Nicolas Weill [http://www.droitconstitutionnel.net/PierrePoujade.htm Pierre Poujade obituary] Le Monde August 28, 2003 ] Poujade distanced himself from Le Pen and declared in 2002 that he would have preferred to break his own leg than to make him a deputy. [Paul Webster [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/apr/28/france.paulwebster Le Pen's ex- mentor regrets rise of 'liar'] The Observer April 28 2002] In 1965, Poujade supportedJean Lecanuet for president. In the 1981 and 1988 presidential elections, he favoredFrançois Mitterrand , while in the 1995 election he voiced his support forJacques Chirac . In 1984, Pierre Poujade was appointed to the "Conseil économique et social" by Mitterrand. Poujade used this position to promotebiofuels .Although UDCA has disappeared, some of the ideas of Poujadism persist in modern French politics. In 1969, Gérard Nicoud started the CID-UNATI ("Comité Interprofessionnel de Défense-Union Nationale des Travailleurs Indépendants"), a tax protest movement similar to the one of Poujade. Examples of current political groups with strong poujadist leanings include Le Pen's own National Front (which has a strong anti-tax message), the "Comité de Défense des Commerçants et Artisans" of Christian Poucet (that encouraged French shopkeepers to declare their business in Britain in order to avoid paying the French Social Security taxes), and the "Union des Contribuables Français". The magazine "Le Cri du Contribuable" owned by Nicolas Miguet also maintains the poujadist tradition. Others, such as the Third Way, have also claimed to be heirs of the poujadist tradition.
In France, "Poujadisme" is often used pejoratively to characterize any kind of ideology that declares itself "anti-establishment" or criticizes strongly the current French political system or political class, even when the anti-tax or anti-intellectual aspects of the original Poujadism are absent.For instance,
Le Monde Diplomatique has been accused of "poujado-marxisme" in the 1990s.References
Writings by Pierre Poujade
* "J'ai choisi le combat" ( Societe Generale Des Editions Et Des Publications, 1955)
* "A L'Heure De La Colère" (Albin Michel, 1977)External links
* [http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19560319,00.html Cover of TIME Magazine] Mar. 19, 1956
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