Venutius

Venutius

Venutius was a 1st century king of the Brigantes in northern Britain at the time of the Roman conquest. Some have suggested he may have belonged to the Carvetii, a tribe which probably formed part of the Brigantes confederation. [ [http://www.roman-britain.org/tribes/brigantes.htm Brigantes] at [http://www.roman-britain.org Roman-Britain.org] ]

History first becomes aware of him as husband of Cartimandua, queen of the Brigantes, in about 51 AD. After the British resistance leader Caratacus was defeated by Publius Ostorius Scapula in Wales, he fled north to the Brigantes, only to be handed over to the Romans by Cartimandua. While the Brigantes were nominally an independent kingdom, Tacitus says Cartimandua and Venutius were loyal to Rome and "defended by Roman power". However, after the capture of Caratacus, Venutius became the most prominent leader of resistance to the Roman occupation. Cartimandua had apparently tired of him and married his armour-bearer, Vellocatus, whom she elevated to the kingship in Venutius's place. Initially, Venutius sought only to overthrow his ex-wife, only later turning his attention to her Roman protectors. The Romans defended their client queen and Venutius's revolt was defeated by Caesius Nasica during the governorship of Aulus Didius Gallus (52 - 57 AD). [Tacitus, "Annals" [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ann.+12.36 12:36] , [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ann.+12.40 12:40] ]

Taking advantage of Roman instability during the year of four emperors, Venutius revolted again, this time in 69 AD. Cartimandua appealed for troops from the Romans, who were only able to send auxiliaries. Cartimandua was evacuated and Venutius took the kingdom. [Tacitus, "Histories" [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Hist.+3.45 3:45] ]

This second revolt may have had wider repercussions: Tacitus says that Vespasian, once emperor, had to "recover" Britain. He also says, introducing the events of the year of four emperors, that Britain was abandoned having only just been subdued (although some think this is in reference to the consolidation of Agricola's later conquests in Scotland). [Tacitus, "Histories" [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Hist.+1.2 1:2] ]

What happened to Venutius after the accession of Vespasian is not recorded. Quintus Petillius Cerialis (governor 71 to 74 AD) campaigned against the Brigantes, [Tacitus, "Agricola" [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ag.+17 17] ] but they were not completely subdued for many decades: Agricola (governor 78 to 84 AD) appears to have campaigned in Brigantian territory, [Tacitus, "Agricola" [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ag.+20 22] ] and both the Roman poet Juvenal and the Greek geographer Pausanias refer to warfare against the Brigantes in the first half of the 1st century. [Juvenal, "Satires" [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/juvenal/14.shtml 14.196] ; Pausanias, "Description of Greece" [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Paus.+8.43.1 8.43.4] ]

References


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  • Venutius — († nach 70 n. Chr.) war ein König des britannischen Volkes der Briganten und der Gatte der Cartimandua. Leben Die Briganten waren im 1. Jahrhundert n. Chr. ein bedeutendes Volk im Norden Englands, das zwischen dem Humber und dem Hadrianswall… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Venutius — fue el primer esposo de Cartimandua, la última reina de la tribu celta de los brigantes, y posterior líder de la primera revuelta de dicho pueblo contra la ocupación romana. Contenido 1 Historia 2 Referencias 2.1 Notas …   Wikipedia Español

  • Venutius — était un roi des Brigantes dans le nord de l île de Bretagne pendant le Ier siècle et les invasions romaines. Certains proposent qu il peut avoir été un membre de la tribu celte Carvetii, qui faisait alors probablement partie de la… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • VENUTIUS — e Brigantum civitate, fidus diu et Romanis armis defensus, cum Cartismanduam Reginam matrimoiô teneret, mox ortô dissidiô et statim bellô, etiam adversus Romanos hostilia induit. Tacit. l. 12. Annal. c. 40: Venusius quoque scribit idem, l. 3.… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • VENUTIUS (P.) — P. VENUTIUS consul. cum P. Alpheno, an. Urb. Cond. 754 …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • Cartimandua — (auch Cartismandua) war Königin der Briganten im nördlichen England (heutiges Yorkshire) zu Beginn der römischen Herrschaft über Britannien. Ihr Name bedeutet etwa „glattes Pony“. Sie herrschte über die Briganten bis 69 n. Chr. Inhaltsverzeichnis …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Cartimandua — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Cartimandua (Cartismandua) (ca. 43–69) fue la última reina de la tribu celta de los brigantes, la más populosa de Gran Bretaña en los tiempos iniciales de la conquista romana. Su nombre significa «elegante… …   Wikipedia Español

  • Cartimandua — (or Cartismandua, ruled ca.43 69), whose name appears to contain the Indo European element *mandu(a) pony [Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la Langue Gauloise; p. 215.] ,was a queen of the Brigantes, who formed a large tribal agglomeration in northern… …   Wikipedia

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  • History of Cumbria — The history of Cumbria as a county of England begins with the Local Government Act 1972. Its territory and constituent parts however have a long history under various other administrative and historic units of governance. Long existing as an… …   Wikipedia

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