Slide whistle

A slide whistle (variously known as a swanee whistle, piston flute or jazz flute) is a wind instrument consisting of a fipple like a recorder's and a tube with a piston in it. It thus has an air reed like some woodwinds, but varies the pitch with a slide. Because the air column is cylindrical and open at one end and closed at the other, it overblows the third harmonic.

The slide whistle is most commonly used as a sound effect (such as in the sound tracks of animated cartoons, when a glissando can suggest something rapidly ascending or falling, or when a player hits a Bankrupt on Wheel of Fortune), but it is also possible to play melodies on the slide whistle.

The instrument became common in the 1920s when it was occasionally used in popular music and jazz as a special effect. For example it was used on Paul Whiteman's early hit recording of "Whispering" (1920). Even Louis Armstrong switched over from his more usual cornet to the slide whistle for a chorus on a couple of recordings with King Oliver's band and his own Hot 5 Fact|date=July 2008. At that time, slide saxophones, with reeds rather than a fipple, were also built. The whistle was also widely used in Jug band music of the 20s such as Whistler's Jug Band.

In the 30s right through to the 50s it was played with great dexterity by Paul 'Hezzie' Trietsch, one of the founder members of the Hoosier Hot Shots. They made many successful recordings and Hezzie's virtuosity was legendary.

The slide whistle is today thought of primarily as a kind of "toy" instrument, but has been used by classical composers, with Maurice Ravel possibly being the first, when he called for one in his opera, "L'enfant et les sortilèges". More modern uses in classical music include Luciano Berio's "Passaggio", which uses five, and pieces by Cornelius Cardew, Alberto Ginastera, Hans Werner Henze and György Ligeti.

To fans of 1970s BBC children's television, the instrument will always be associated with the voices of the "Clangers". The instrument also features prominently in the game of "Swanee-Kazoo" in the long-running British radio panel game, "I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue".

In the earliest episodes of The Simpsons, the character of Sideshow Bob only communicates through the use of a slide whistle. He abandons the whistle when he frames Krusty the Clown for armed robbery and takes over as host of Krusty's television show. From this point, Sideshow Bob is voiced by actor Kelsey Grammer.

ee also

*Tin whistle
*Whistle
*Whistling