Micrograph

Micrograph
100x light micrograph of Meissner's corpuscle at the tip of a dermal papillus.
40x micrograph of a canine rectum cross section.
A photomicrograph of a thin section of a limestone with ooids. The largest is approximately 1.2 mm in diameter.
Approximately 10x micrograph of an unusual coin.

A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or similar image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an item. A microphotograph is a very small picture shown large like a real picture, e.g. a microdot. Microphotography is the production of such very small photographs. Two important applications of microphotography were the creation of computer chips and the creation of microdots to hide information. Written secret messages were embedded inside a dot the size of speck of dirt. Microdots were invented in the 1920s by Emanuel Goldberg.

To produce a photomicrograph, a camera may be affixed to a microscope in place of an eyepiece (direct projection setup) or the intermediate image is projected via a relay lens (also called projection eyepiece) onto the image sensor or film emulsion. A more complex arrangement requires the use of a relay lens behind a standard eyepiece to project the virtual image generated by the eyepiece onto the camera's recording surface. A prepared specimen is put under the microscope in the usual way and photographs taken. Alternatively, the image may be scanned and stored electronically and displayed on a screen and/or printed.

Micrographs are widely used in forensic engineering and forensic science, especially for recording trace evidence. It is also routinely used in scanning electron microscopy, often combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy so that the area of the sample selected for analysis is directly visible.

Contents

Types

Photomicrograph

A light micrograph or photomicrograph is a micrograph prepared using a light microscope, a process referred to as photomicroscopy. At a basic level, photomicroscopy may be performed simply by hooking up a regular camera to a microscope, thereby enabling the user to take photographs at reasonably high magnification.

Photomicroscopists take photographs of many biologic subjects such as cells and proteins and insect eyes. Roman Vishniac was a pioneer in the field of photomicroscopy, specializing in the photography of living creatures in full motion. He also made major developments in light-interruption photography and color photomicroscopy. Nikon holds an annual contest each year called the International Small World Competition, which showcases exceptional photomicrographers.[1]

Electron micrograph

An electron micrograph is a micrograph prepared using an electron microscope. However, the term electron micrograph is not used in electron microscopy. Common designation is a micrograph.

Digital micrograph

A digital microscope uses optics and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to output a digital image to a computer monitor. A digital microscope differs from an optical microscope in that there is no provision to observe the sample directly through an eyepiece. Since optical image is projected directly on the CCD camera, the entire system is designed for the monitor image.

Other uses

The technique is also used in making integrated circuits. The reverse of photomicrography where a large subject is rendered small is used in the production of microfilm and microfiche.[2] With digital micrographs of calibration dots and special software it is possible to make extremely accurate measurements of objects in digital micrographs.

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ http://alum.mit.edu/pages/sliceofmit/2010/10/22/great-shots-of-a-small-world/
  2. ^ Arnold, Rolls, and Stewart (1972). Applied Photography. London: Focal Press. pp. 213–230. 

External links


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Micrograph — Mi cro*graph, n. [See {Micrography}.] 1. An instrument for executing minute writing or engraving. [1913 Webster] 2. a graphic image, such as a photograph or drawing, representing an object as seen with a microscope, usually much enlarged as… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Micrograph — Micrograph. См. Микроструктура. (Источник: «Металлы и сплавы. Справочник.» Под редакцией Ю.П. Солнцева; НПО Профессионал , НПО Мир и семья ; Санкт Петербург, 2003 г.) …   Словарь металлургических терминов

  • micrograph — [mī΄krōgraf΄] n. [ MICRO + GRAPH] 1. an apparatus for doing extremely small writing, drawing, or engraving 2. a photograph or drawing of an object as seen through a microscope 3. an apparatus by which, through the movements of a diaphragm, very… …   English World dictionary

  • micrograph — 1. An instrument that magnifies the microscopic movements of a diaphragm by means of light interference and records them on a moving photographic film; may be used for recording various pulse curves, sound waves, and any forms of motion that may… …   Medical dictionary

  • micrograph — photomicrograph; n. a photograph of an object as viewed through a microscope. An electron micrograph is photographed through an electron microscope; a light micrograph through a light microscope …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • micrograph — noun Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary Date: 1869 a graphic reproduction of the image of an object formed by a microscope • micrograph transitive verb …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • micrograph — mikroskopinė nuotrauka statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. micrograph vok. mikroskopische Aufnahme, f rus. микроснимок, m pranc. microphotographie, f; photomicrographie, f …   Fizikos terminų žodynas

  • micrograph — /muy kreuh graf , grahf /, n. 1. an instrument for executing extremely minute writing or engraving. 2. Optics. a photograph taken through a microscope or a drawing of an object as seen through a microscope. [1870 75; MICRO + GRAPH] * * * …   Universalium

  • micrograph — noun An image such as a photograph that presents the microscopic at a macroscopic scale …   Wiktionary

  • Micrograph — Микрофотография; микроснимок; Микрограф …   Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии

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