Raffinose

Raffinose
Raffinose
Identifiers
CAS number 512-69-6
[7629-30-0] (pentahydrate)
PubChem 439242
ChemSpider 388379 YesY
UNII N5O3QU595M
ChEBI CHEBI:16634
ChEMBL CHEMBL223844
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C18H32O16
Molar mass 504.42 g/mol
Exact mass 504.169035
 YesY (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Raffinose is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, fructose, and glucose. It can be found in beans, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, other vegetables, and whole grains. Raffinose can be hydrolyzed to D-galactose and sucrose by the enzyme α-galactosidase (α-GAL), an enzyme not found in the human digestive tract. α-GAL also hydrolyzes other α-galactosides such as stachyose, verbascose, and galactinol, if present. The enzyme does not cleave β-linked galactose, as in lactose.

The raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) are alpha-galactosyl derivatives of sucrose, and the most common are the trisaccharide raffinose, the tetrasaccharide stachyose, and the pentasaccharide verbascose. RFOs are almost ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, being found in a large variety of seeds from many different families, and they rank second only to sucrose in abundance as soluble carbohydrates.

Humans and other monogastric animals (pigs and poultry) do not possess the α-GAL enzyme to break down RFOs and these oligosaccharides pass undigested through the stomach and upper intestine. In the lower intestine, they are fermented by gas-producing bacteria which do possess the α-GAL enzyme and make carbon dioxide, methane, and/or hydrogen -- leading to the flatulence commonly associated with eating beans and other vegetables. α-GAL is present in digestive aids such as the product Beano.

Procedures concerning cryopreservation have used raffinose to provide hypertonicity for cell desiccation prior to freezing [1]. Either raffinose or sucrose is used as a base substance for sucralose.

See also

References

  1. ^ Storey B., Noiles, E., Thompson, K. (1998). "Comparison of Glycerol, Other Polyols, Trehalose, and Raffinose to Provide a Defined Cryoprotectant Medium for Mouse Sperm Cryopreservation". Cryobiology 37 (1): 46–58. doi:10.1006/cryo.1998.2097. PMID 9698429. 

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • raffinose — [ rafinoz ] n. f. • 1889; de raffiner et 1. ose ♦ Chim. Polysaccharide présent dans de nombreuses plantes (betterave, etc.) avec le saccharose. ● raffinose nom masculin Triholoside C18H32O16, qui existe chez certains végétaux, notamment dans les… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Raffinose — Raf fi*nose (r[a^]f f[i^]*n[=o]s ), n. [F. raffiner to refine.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the molasses of the sugar beet. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Raffinose — (Melitose, Melitriose, Gossypose) C18H32O16+5H2O, ein Trisaccharid, findet sich in Eukalyptusmanna, in Baumwollsamen und in Rübenzuckermelasse, bildet farblose Nadeln, löst sich in Wasser leichter, in Alkohol schwerer als Rohrzucker, leicht in… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Raffinose — Raffinōse, Gossypose, Melitose, Melitriose, Zuckerart in der Manna von Eukalyptusarten, in der Rübenzuckermelasse und im Baumwollsamen; Kristallnadeln, in Wasser leicht löslich, stärker polarisierend als Rohrzucker; bewirkt eine scheinbare… …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • raffinose — [raf′ə nōs΄] n. [< Fr raffiner, to refine < re ,RE + affiner, to refine < a (< L ad, to) + fin,FINE1 + ose, OSE1] a sweetish, crystalline trisaccharide, C18H32O16·5H2O, derived from sugar beets, cottonseed, etc …   English World dictionary

  • Raffinose — Strukturformel Allgemeines Name Raffinose Andere Namen Me …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Raffinose — D Raffinose Général Nom IUPAC (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R) 2 [(2S,3S,4S,5R) 3,4 Dihydroxy 2,5 bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan 2 yl]oxy 6 [ (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R) 3,4,5 trihydroxy 6 (hydroxymethyl)oxan 2 yl]oxymethyl]oxane 3,4 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Raffinose — Raf|fi|no|se 〈f. 19〉 in Zuckerrübenmelasse vorkommende Zuckerart, aus der Gruppe der Trisaccharide; Sy Melitose [→ raffinieren] * * * Raf|fi|no|se [frz. raffiner = verfeinern, läutern (weil R. bei der Zuckerraffination anfällt); ↑ ose (1)], die;… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • raffinose — rafinozė statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Trisacharidas, susidedantis iš gliukozės, fruktozės ir galaktozės liekanų. atitikmenys: angl. melitose; raffinose rus. мелитоза; раффиноза ryšiai: sinonimas – melitozė …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • Raffinose-raffinose alpha-galactosyltransferase — In enzymology, a raffinose raffinose alpha galactosyltransferase (EC number|2.4.1.166) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:2 raffinose ightleftharpoons 1F alpha D galactosylraffinose + sucroseHence, this enzyme has one substrate,… …   Wikipedia

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