- Xing'an
:"For the league, see
Hinggan League . For the county inGuilin ,Guangxi , seeXing'an County Xing'an, Guilin .Hsingan (
Wade-Giles ) or Xīng'ān shěng (Pinyin );Simplified Chinese : (興安省) refers to a former province, which once occupied westernHeilongjiang and part of northwestLiaoning provinces of China. The name is related to that of theGreater Khingan Mountains. Another name used for this land was Barga, which is also the name used for the eastern part of the province, the Barga district.Administration
The capital of Hsingan was the town of Hailar (or Hulun), on the
China Eastern Railway line near theRussia n border. Hsingan was divided into various sub-prefectures, similar in form to other Manchukuo provinces. The second city of importance wasManzhouli .History
Hsingan "
anto " (province) was first created in 1932 as an administrative sub-division of the Japanese-controlled Empire ofManchukuo . From 1939-1943, the province was divided into four parts, labeled Hsingan North, Hsingan East, Hsingan South and Hsingan West. These four provinces were reunited into a Xing'an Consolidated Province (興安総省) in 1943. Hsingan at 148,000 square miles encompassed nearly one third of the land area of Manchukuo.The population of Hsingan, estimated at 965,000 in 1935, was predominantly ethnically
Mongol , and Hsingan was therefore administered by a local Mongol prince (under supervision of a Japanese resident supervisor.Hsingan was the site of a number of clashes in the
Soviet-Japanese Border Wars , most notably the Nomonhan Incident where were JapaneseKwantung Army andManchukuo Imperial Army forces were defeated by theSoviet Red Army in 1939.After the annexation of Manchukuo by the
Republic of China after the end ofWorld War II , theKuomintang continued to recognize the area as Hsingan Province, with the capital in Hailar. However, under the administration of thePeople's Republic of China from 1949, the area was annexed to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and is now referred to as theHulunbuir Prefecture-level city . The population is now estimated to be over 80% ethnicHan Chinese .Economy
Under the Manchukuo period, Hsingan was primarily an agricultural area, with food grains, particularly wheat, soy and corn, as well as cattle, sheep, horse and other livestock. The primary economic asset of Hsingan was its extensive
coal deposits, primarily at Chalai Nor hill, 25 kilometers from the frontier station ofManchouli , where 290,000 metric tonnes were extracted annually. Hsingan was also a trade zone between Manchukuo, theSoviet Union , and Soviet-dominatedMongolia .ee also
*
*Hinggan League References
The Mongols of Manchuria: Their Tribal Divisions, Geographical Distribution, Historical Relations with Manchus and Chinese, and Present Political Problems. by Owen Lattimore Pacific Affairs, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Sep., 1935), pp. 367-371
External links
* [http://www.kikokusha-center.or.jp/joho/mihanmei/koan_higashi/koan-higashi.jpgMap of Eastern Xingan province of Manchukuo]
* [http://www.kikokusha-center.or.jp/joho/mihanmei/koan_nishi/koan-nishi.jpgMap of Western Xingan province of Manchukuo]
* [http://www.kikokusha-center.or.jp/joho/mihanmei/koan_kita/koan-kita.jpgMap of Northern Xingan province of Manchukuo]
* [http://www.kikokusha-center.or.jp/joho/mihanmei/koan_minami/koan-minami.jpgMap of Southern Xingan province of Manchukuo]
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