Magnoliales

Magnoliales
Magnoliales
a Magnolia flower, showing all the parts
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
Families

Annonaceae
Degeneriaceae
Eupomatiaceae
Himantandraceae
Magnoliaceae
Myristicaceae

Myristica fragrans tree from Myristicaceae in Goa, India.

Magnoliales is an order of flowering plants.

Contents

Classification

The Magnoliales includes six families:

APG system

The APG system (1998) and the APG II system (2003) place this order in the clade magnoliids, circumscribed as follows:

order Magnoliales
family Annonaceae
family Degeneriaceae
family Eupomatiaceae
family Himantandraceae
family Magnoliaceae
family Myristicaceae
Magnoliidae


Canellales



Piperales





Magnoliales

Myristicaceae




Magnoliaceae




Degeneriaceae



Himantandraceae





Eupomatiaceae



Annonaceae







Laurales




The current composition and phylogeny of the Magnoliales.[1][2]

In these systems, published by the APG, the Magnoliales are a basal group, excluded from the eudicots.

Earlier systems

The Cronquist system (1981) placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida (=dicotyledons) and used this circumscription:

The Thorne system (1992) placed the order in superorder Magnolianae, subclass Magnoliidae (= dicotyledons), in the class Magnoliopsida (= angiosperms) and used this circumscription (including the plants placed in order Laurales and Piperales by other systems):

The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archychlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae (=dicotyledons) and used this circumscription:

  • order Magnoliales
    • family Amborellaceae
    • family Annonaceae
    • family Austrobaileyaceae
    • family Calycanthaceae
    • family Canellaceae
    • family Cercidiphyllaceae
    • family Degeneriaceae
    • family Eupomatiaceae
    • family Eupteleaceae
    • family Gomortegaceae
    • family Hernandiaceae
    • family Himantandraceae
    • family Illiciaceae
    • family Lauraceae
    • family Magnoliaceae
    • family Monimiaceae
    • family Myristicaceae
    • family Schisandraceae
    • family Trimeniaceae
    • family Tetracentraceae
    • family Trochodendraceae
    • family Winteraceae

The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, did not use this name although it had an order with a similar circumscription with the name Polycarpicae. This was placed in the Dialypetalae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. (See also Sympetalae).

From the above it will be clear that the plants included in this order by APG have always been seen as related. They have always been placed in the order Magnoliales (or a predecessor). The difference is that earlier systems have also included other plants, which have been moved to neighbouring orders (in the magnoliids) by APG.

References


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