Near-close near-front unrounded vowel

Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
ɪ
IPA number 319
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ɪ
Unicode (hex) U+026A
X-SAMPA I
Kirshenbaum I
Sound

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The near-close near-front unrounded vowel, or near-high near-front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɪ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is I. The IPA symbol is a small capital letter i.

The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low", and these are the only terms found in introductory textbooks on phonetics such as those by Peter Ladefoged.

There is also a near-close central unrounded vowel in some languages.

Contents

Features

IPA vowel chart
Front Near-​front Central Near-​back Back
Close
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
iy
ɨʉ
ɯu
ɪʏ
ʊ
eø
ɘɵ
ɤo
ɛœ
ɜɞ
ʌɔ
æ
aɶ
ä
ɑɒ
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded
This table contains phonetic symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers (Help).

IPA help • IPA key • chart • Loudspeaker.svg chart with audio • view
  • Its vowel height is near-close, also known as near-high, which means the tongue is not quite so constricted as a close vowel (high vowel).
  • Its vowel backness is near-front, which means the tongue is positioned almost as far forward as a front vowel.
  • Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Chinese Cantonese /bing1 [pɪŋ˥] 'ice' See Cantonese phonology
Wu / ih [iɪʔ˥] 'one'
Czech byli [ˈbɪlɪ] 'they were' See Czech phonology
Dutch ik [ɪ̽k] 'I' See Dutch phonology
meer [mɪːr] 'more' Way of pronouncing /eː/ before r. See Dutch phonology
English bit [bɪt] 'bit' See English phonology
French Quebec petite [pətsɪt] 'small' Occurs only in closed syllables. See Quebec French phonology
German bitte [ˈbɪtə] 'please' See German phonology
Irish duine [dˠɪnʲə] 'person' See Irish phonology
Mongolian[1] ? [xɪɾɘ̆] 'hillside'
Plautdietsch winta [vɪntə] 'winter'
Portuguese Brazilian[2] saque [ˈsakɪ] 'withdrawal' Unstressed vowel. See Portuguese phonology
Norwegian litt [lɪt] 'a little' See Norwegian phonology
Russian[3] дерево [ˈdʲerʲɪvə] 'tree' Occurs only in unstressed syllables. See Russian phonology
Scottish Gaelic thig [hɪk] 'come' See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Sicilian arrìriri [arrɪriri] 'smile'
Swedish sill About this sound [sɪl] 'herring' See Swedish phonology
Ukrainian ходити [xɔdɪtɪ] 'to walk' See Ukrainian phonology
Vietnamese ch [cɪj˧ˀ˨] 'elder sister' See Vietnamese phonology
West Frisian Standard lippe [ɫɪpə] 'lip'
Hindelopers beast [bɪːst] 'animal'

References

Bibliography

  • Barbosa, Plínio A.; Albano, Eleonora C. (2004), "Brazilian Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 227–232, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001756 
  • Iivonen, Antti; Harnud, Huhe (2005), "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35 (1): 59–71, doi:10.1017/S002510030500191X 
  • Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press 

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